Introduction to Psychological First Aid

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MENTAL HEALTH COACH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID FOR EXISTING CLIENTS

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1 / 90

I am Ok and you are ok Life position will be having Loser script

1) True

2) False

2 / 90

There are two life positions in Transactional analysis

1) True

2) False

3 / 90

There are Five Life Positions

1) True

2) False

4 / 90

People occupy different life positions in different situations. Any one Life position may be dominant in everyone but they may switch to other positions too.

1) True

2) False

5 / 90

GET NOWHERE WITH may happen mostly with

1) I am OK and you are OK

2) I am Not OK and you are OK

3) I am OK and You are not OK

4) None of the above

6 / 90

GET ON WITH is the result of

1) I am ok and you are ok

2) I am not ok and you are not ok

3) I am OK and you are not ok

4) None of the above

7 / 90

GET AWAY FROM  BEHAVIOUR will be the result of

1) I am not ok you are ok

2) I am not ok and you are not ok

3) I am ok and you are ok

4) None of the above

8 / 90

“I made a mistake, but it won’t happen again.” This kind of thought may be from

1) I am not ok and you are not ok

2) I am ok and you are not ok

3) I am not ok and you are ok

4) None of the above

9 / 90

I can not talk with him in English because he knows better English than me - This is from

1) I am not ok and you are ok

2) I am ok and you are ok

3) I am ok and you are not ok

4) None of the above

10 / 90

The things I know in psychology, nobody knows it. - This may be from

1) I am not ok and you are not ok

2) I am OK and you are not ok

3) I am ok & you are ok

4) None of the above

11 / 90

If someone tells ` you do not know anything, Do what I say..' they may be operating from

1) I am ok & you are ok

2) I am not ok & you are not ok

3) I am ok and you are not ok

4) I am not ok and you are not ok

12 / 90

I am OK and you are not OK will end in

1) I win you win and always stays so

2) I win you Lose and finally end in i win you win

3) I lose you Lose and always end in i win you lose

4) I win you lose and finally I lose you lose

13 / 90

I am not OK and you are not OK is a

1) One down position

2) Healthy Position

3) Hopeless position

4) One-Up position

14 / 90

I am ok and You are OK is a Unhealthy position

1) True

2) False

15 / 90

I am not OK and you are OK is a One down Position

1) True

2) False

16 / 90

There are three life Positions in Transactional Analysis

1) True

2) False

17 / 90

JOHARI WINDOW model is based on two ideas- trust can be acquired by sharing information about you to others and learning yourselves from their feedbacks.

1) True

2) False

18 / 90

JOHARI window is  created only by psychologists Joseph Luft

1) True

2) False

19 / 90

The Johari window is a technique designed to help people better understand their relationship with themselves and others.

1) True

2) False

20 / 90

JOHARI window contains five quadrants

1) True

2) False

21 / 90

The counsellor should try to Increase the open area in Johari window so that counselling can be successful

1) True

2) False

22 / 90

Johari’s window is a technique used to indicate differences in.

1) cohesion

2) orientation

3) openness

4) behaviour

23 / 90

Blind spot or Blind self in Johari Window means _________.

1) the information is known by all

2) the information is known by you only

3) the information about you is not known to you but known to others

4) the information is not known by anyone

24 / 90

The unknown area of Johari Window is ___________.

1) the same as the blind area.

2) made up of private feelings & needs you don't want to share

3) an area you need to enlarge in order to build friendships.

4) an area that you don't know completely & others also dont know

25 / 90

Which one is NOT of Johari Window model?

1) blind spot

2) Unknown area

3) Hidden area

4) Changing area

26 / 90

Practicing mindfulness exercises trigger Sympathetic nervous system

1) True

2) False

27 / 90

When people are in despair,sad or demotivated, we should try to take them to Sympathetic nervous system

1) True

2) False

28 / 90

When someone in under Sympathetic nervous system, which of the following will happen

1) increases in corticotropin and cortisol secretion.

2) the sympathetic nervous system can accelerate heart rate

3) widen bronchial passages

4) decrease motility (movement) of the large intestine

5) constrict blood vessels

6) cause pupil dilation

7) start sweating

8) raise blood pressure

9) All of the above

29 / 90

Para - Sympathetic nervous system activates the fight or flight response during a threat or perceived danger

1) True

2) False

30 / 90

The Autonomous nervous system is composed of 2 anatomically and functionally distinct divisions, the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system

1) True

2) False

31 / 90

The parasympathetic system regulates “rest and digest” functions.

1) True

2) False

32 / 90

The sympathetic system controls “fight-or-flight” responses.

1) True

2) False

33 / 90

Sympathetic nervous system is not responsible for calmness and relaxation.

1) True

2) False

34 / 90

Which of the following functions best explains the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

1) Preparing the body for a traumatic event

2) Returning the body to equilibrium

3) Preparing the body for “fight or flight”

4) Maintaining the body’s vital functions

5) Maintaining homeostasis

35 / 90

As per Triune brain theory, when someone is in `limbic' system, he is very calm and quite

1) True

2) False

36 / 90

As per the theory Triune brain, our brain consists of four brains functioning as one brain

1) True

2) False

37 / 90

Neuroscientist Paul D. MacLean formulated TRIUNE BRAIN in the 1960s, detailed in his 1990 book The Triune Brain in Evolution

1) True

2) False

38 / 90

Strokes can be

1) Verbal

2) non-verbal

3) Positive

4) negative

5) all of the above

39 / 90

I am good and I can succeed is an example of Internal positive stroke

1) True

2) False

40 / 90

When you give a stroke to yourself it is called External stroke

1) True

2) False

41 / 90

Unconditional positive stroke does not improves inter-personal relationship

1) True

2) False

42 / 90

We should give more conditional Unconditional positive stroke to people

1) True

2) False

43 / 90

There are five types of strokes

1) True

2) False

44 / 90

`A HEARTFELT PHYSICAL HUG' is a Symbol of Unconditional positive stroke

1) True

2) False

45 / 90

Conditional negative stroke can be given when there is no other choice and a behaviour correction is immediately required

1) True

2) False

46 / 90

We should never give Unconditional negative stroke to self and others

1) True

2) False

47 / 90

You are stupid & idiot - This is  Conditional negative stroke

1) True

2) False

48 / 90

You are a wonderful person - This is Conditional Positive stroke

1) True

2) False

49 / 90

We have to give more Unconditional negative strokes to everyone daily

1) True

2) False

50 / 90

There are five types of Strokes in Transactional Analysis

1) True

2) False

51 / 90

Which one of the Zone we have to penetrate to give counselling?

1) public zone

2) social zone

3) private zone

4) intimate zone

52 / 90

How many zones are there?

1) 2

2) 1

3) 4

4) 5

53 / 90

Which rapport happens first out of the three below:-

1) Emotional Rapport

2) Kinesthetic rapport

3) Intellectual rapport

4) None of the above

54 / 90

How many types of Rapport building are there?

1) 3

2) 2

3) 1

4) 5

55 / 90

Eye connect is better than Eye Contact in Counselling

1) True

2) False

56 / 90

Eye Connect is much more important in counselling then Eye contact

1) True

2) False

57 / 90

In Psychological First Aid, the First L represents

1) Link

2) Listen

3) look

4) None of the above

58 / 90

 

In Psychological first aid, LOOK means

1) Look for vehicles

2) Look for someone to help you

3) Look & stare at everyone

4) None of the above

59 / 90

The Second L in Psychological first aid represents

1) Listen

2) Look

3) Link

4) None of the above

60 / 90

In psychological first aid, listening means to listen with judgement.

1) True

2) False

61 / 90

If client tells the following to his daugher , `Once you are married and have children, you are finally a “normal human.”

1) is a irrational belief

2) is a rational belief

3) is a good example of parenting

4) None of the above

62 / 90

If a clients thinks and acts `No one cares about anyone else' - that is a Irrational belief

1) True

2) False

63 / 90

Psychological first aid skills include

1) How to assess a situation about common reactions to crises

2) How to approach someone in distress

3) How to calm someone who needs it

4) How to calm someone who needs it

5) How to provide emotional support and practical help.

6) All of the above

7) None of the above

64 / 90

Psychological first aid means

1) PFA involves caring about the person in distress,

2) Paying attention to their reactions

3) active listening and giving practical help.

4) It is a way of supporting and connecting someone to the help they need.

5) All of the above

6) None of the above

65 / 90

PFA is a set of skills and knowledge that can be used to help people who are in distress. It is a way of helping people to feel calm and able to cope in a difficult situation.

1) True

2) False

66 / 90

Everyone needs Psychological first aid during a distress

1) True

2) False

67 / 90

Psychological First aid is Pressuring people to share their feelings and reactions to an event

1) True

2) False

68 / 90

Psychological First aid is Pressing someone for details on what happened

1) True

2) False

69 / 90

Psychological first aid is Encouraging the client to tell  a detailed discussion of the event that has caused the distress

1) True

2) False

70 / 90

Psychological First aid is a Professional counselling or therapy

1) True

2) False

71 / 90

Psychological First Aid can not be given in the Home

1) True

2) False

72 / 90

The Training of Emocare is approved by Skill Development Council, Canada and Emocare is a registered with Ministry of corporate affairs.

1) True

2) False

73 / 90

Emocare is

1) approved by SDC Canada

2) Approved by CTAA ( UK)

3) Registered with Ministry of Corporate Affairs

4) Approved by DDG-GKY ( Ministry of rural development)

5) Emocare internship is approved by Ministry of education

6) is ISO approved organisation

7) approved start up India

8) approved by GTCCO

9) India's first chain of counselling centers

10) All of the above

74 / 90

Cognitive behaviour therapy can be used in distress,Anxiety and Depression

1) True

2) False

75 / 90

Psychological first aid can be done only by those completed Msc psychology

1) True

2) False

76 / 90

RCI registeration is mandatory to do  counselling like pre-marital counselling ,Post marital counselling etc..

1) True

2) False

77 / 90

Clinical psychologists can prescribe medicine

1) True

2) False

78 / 90

Counsellors can not do even screening (Psychological assessment) when someone visits with Depression or Anxiety

1) True

2) False

79 / 90

One should get licence to do counselling in India

1) True

2) False

80 / 90

We should not advice the client in counselling.

1) True

2) False

81 / 90

What are the core skills required in counselling

1) empathy

2) Reflective listening

3) Non-Judgemental

4) All of the above

82 / 90

The counselling environment is not much important in counselling

1) True

2) False

83 / 90

Listening prepares the counsellor for emphatic response to the client.

1) True

2) False

84 / 90

_________  is the basis of all counselling.

1) . Trust

2) Good objective listening

3) Empathy

85 / 90

Counselling is essentially a lively, human and personal experience between two people.

1) True

2) False

86 / 90

When you are in Sympathetic nervous system, you will be very calm

1) True

2) False

87 / 90

What is the three L which is helpful in counseling?

1) Listen,Link and Lead

2) Listen,Lead and Link

3) Lead,Listen & link

4) None of the above

88 / 90

The autonomic nervous system comprises three parts

1) True

2) False

89 / 90

Most of the counsellors not able to succeed in counselling because they lack sales skills

1) True

2) False

90 / 90

To succeed in counselling today, we have to follow multi-therapy model

1) True

2) False

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Psychological First Aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed, modular approach designed to help individuals in the immediate aftermath of a disaster or traumatic event. Its primary objective is to reduce initial distress and foster short- and long-term adaptive functioning and coping mechanisms. PFA is not a form of professional counseling or psychotherapy; rather, it is a supportive intervention that can be administered by trained non-mental health professionals, including educators, emergency responders, and community leaders.

The significance of PFA lies in its ability to provide immediate emotional support, which can be crucial in the aftermath of a crisis. By offering a compassionate presence and practical assistance, PFA aims to stabilize survivors and help them regain a sense of control. This intervention is grounded in the understanding that most individuals will experience some degree of emotional distress during and after a disaster, but with appropriate support, they can recover and even grow from the experience.

PFA’s core principles include promoting a sense of safety, calming and comforting individuals, fostering a sense of self- and community efficacy, encouraging social connectedness, and instilling hope. These principles guide the actions of those providing PFA, ensuring that the intervention is both humane and effective. By addressing these fundamental needs, PFA can mitigate the risk of long-term psychological issues and promote resilience.

This blog post aims to delve deeper into the components and application of Psychological First Aid. By understanding its key concepts and practical guidance, readers will be better equipped to support individuals in times of crisis, contributing to both immediate relief and long-term psychological well-being.

What Psychological First Aid Is

Psychological First Aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed intervention aimed at reducing the initial distress caused by traumatic events and fostering short- and long-term adaptive functioning and coping. Unlike traditional mental health treatments, PFA is not a clinical or therapeutic process. Instead, it is a supportive approach designed to provide immediate emotional and practical support to those affected by crises or traumatic experiences.

The fundamental elements of PFA revolve around ensuring the individual’s safety, offering comforting and empathetic support, and assisting them in regaining a sense of control. One of the core principles of PFA is to establish a sense of security, both physical and emotional, for the affected individuals. This involves creating a safe environment, free from further harm or danger, and offering reassurance through calm and compassionate communication.

In addition to ensuring safety, PFA emphasizes the importance of active listening and providing emotional support. This means being present and attentive, allowing individuals to express their feelings and thoughts without judgment. The goal is to validate their experiences and emotions, thereby helping to alleviate immediate distress. By doing so, PFA practitioners can help individuals feel understood and supported, which is crucial in the aftermath of a traumatic event.

Another crucial aspect of PFA is offering practical assistance and information. This can include helping individuals meet their basic needs such as food, shelter, and medical care, as well as providing accurate information about the event and available resources. By addressing immediate practical concerns, PFA aims to reduce additional stress and uncertainty, enabling individuals to focus on their emotional recovery.

Ultimately, Psychological First Aid is about empowering individuals to regain a sense of control over their lives. This involves helping them develop coping strategies, fostering a sense of hope, and encouraging positive actions that promote recovery. By integrating these key elements, PFA serves as a vital tool in supporting individuals through the initial stages of trauma and aiding their journey towards resilience and recovery.

Psychological First Aid (PFA) is often misunderstood, leading to several common misconceptions about its nature and purpose. It is crucial to delineate what PFA is not, to better appreciate its role in crisis intervention. Firstly, PFA is not professional counseling or therapy. Unlike these specialized services, PFA does not involve deep exploration of emotions, thoughts, or past experiences. It is not intended to provide long-term psychological treatment but rather immediate, short-term support.

Furthermore, PFA should not be confused with psychological debriefing. Psychological debriefing is a structured interview process conducted typically within a few days post-crisis, aimed at helping individuals process their experiences. In contrast, PFA is more flexible and can be delivered by a range of people, including non-professionals, within the first hours to days following a traumatic event.

Another important distinction is that PFA does not involve diagnosing or treating mental health conditions. It is not within the scope of PFA providers to identify or manage mental health disorders. Instead, PFA focuses on offering empathetic support, helping individuals feel safe, connected to others, and empowered to use their own coping mechanisms. The emphasis is on practical assistance, such as providing information, connecting individuals with services, and helping them address immediate needs.

In summary, Psychological First Aid is a compassionate response aimed at stabilizing individuals during a crisis, ensuring their basic needs are met, and facilitating their access to further support and resources. It is essential to recognize that PFA is distinct from professional mental health services, psychological debriefing, and diagnostic processes, thereby allowing it to serve as a crucial first step in a broader continuum of care.

The ‘Look, Listen, and Link’ Model in Psychological First Aid

The ‘Look, Listen, and Link’ model is a cornerstone of Psychological First Aid (PFA), providing a structured approach to support individuals in distress. This model serves as a practical guide for responders to assess and address the needs of those affected by traumatic events. Each component of this model plays a crucial role in delivering effective psychological support.

Look

The first step, ‘Look,’ involves assessing the environment and identifying those who may need assistance. This includes observing the physical and emotional state of individuals, recognizing signs of distress, and understanding the context of the situation. For instance, in the aftermath of a natural disaster, responders might look for signs such as crying, withdrawal, or confusion among survivors. By carefully observing these indicators, responders can prioritize who requires immediate attention and support, ensuring that no one is overlooked.

Listen

The second step, ‘Listen,’ emphasizes the importance of providing a compassionate and non-judgmental ear. This involves actively listening to the individual’s concerns, fears, and needs without interrupting or offering unsolicited advice. Effective listening helps to build trust and rapport, making the person feel heard and understood. For example, during a crisis, a responder might sit with a distressed individual, allowing them to express their feelings and experiences openly. This empathetic engagement can significantly alleviate the emotional burden, providing a sense of relief and validation.

Link

The final step, ‘Link,’ focuses on connecting individuals with appropriate resources, services, and support systems. This could involve providing information about local shelters, medical services, or mental health counseling. Additionally, it might mean facilitating connections with family members or community support groups. For instance, after listening to a survivor’s concerns about housing, a responder might link them with organizations offering temporary accommodation and financial aid. By effectively linking individuals to these resources, responders help to address both immediate and long-term needs, fostering a sense of stability and hope.

In essence, the ‘Look, Listen, and Link’ model equips responders with a practical framework to deliver Psychological First Aid, ensuring comprehensive and compassionate support for those in need.

Supporting Individuals with Suicidal Tendencies

Recognizing the warning signs of suicidal tendencies is a critical first step in providing effective support. Indicators may include expressions of hopelessness, withdrawal from social activities, drastic changes in behavior, and direct or indirect references to self-harm. By identifying these signs early, you can take proactive measures to offer the necessary support.

Creating a safe environment is paramount. This involves removing potential means of self-harm and ensuring the individual feels physically and emotionally secure. Encourage open dialogue by expressing genuine concern and listening without judgment. Phrases such as, “I’m here for you” and “Let’s talk about what you’re feeling” can foster a sense of safety and trust.

Immediate intervention is crucial when dealing with suicidal tendencies. If the individual is in immediate danger, do not hesitate to contact emergency services. Concurrently, connecting the individual with professional mental health services is essential. A mental health professional can provide the specialized care and support needed to navigate this critical period.

When offering support, it’s important to communicate in a manner that is both compassionate and non-judgmental. Avoiding statements that may seem dismissive or trivializing, such as “You just need to cheer up,” is crucial. Instead, opt for validating their feelings with phrases like, “It sounds like you’re really struggling right now, and that’s okay.”

Practical tips for providing reassurance include maintaining a calm demeanor, offering consistent emotional support, and being patient. Encourage the individual to express their feelings and thoughts openly. Remind them that seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Offering to accompany them to appointments or helping them find resources can also be immensely beneficial.

By recognizing the signs, creating a supportive environment, encouraging open communication, and facilitating access to professional help, we can provide meaningful assistance to individuals grappling with suicidal tendencies. Through these measures, we can contribute significantly to their safety and well-being.

Supporting Individuals Who Have Lost Their Loved Ones

When supporting individuals who have experienced the profound loss of a loved one, it is essential to recognize and respect the unique journey each person undertakes. Grief is a deeply personal process that can unfold in various stages, commonly identified as denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. However, it is crucial to understand that not everyone will experience these stages in a linear fashion or even at all. The way individuals cope with loss can vary significantly, influenced by factors such as their relationship with the deceased, cultural background, and previous experiences with grief.

Providing effective support involves being present and offering a compassionate, non-judgmental ear. Sometimes, the most meaningful assistance comes from simply listening and allowing the bereaved to express their emotions freely. It is important to avoid offering unsolicited advice or trying to “fix” their grief, as this can often be unhelpful or even harmful.

Practical assistance can also be incredibly valuable during this difficult time. This may include helping with daily tasks, such as preparing meals, running errands, or assisting with funeral arrangements. Such gestures can alleviate some of the logistical burdens that accompany the grieving process, allowing individuals more space to process their emotions.

Patience and understanding are paramount when supporting someone through their grief. Recognize that healing is a gradual process, and there may be moments of regression or heightened sorrow, even long after the initial loss. Respect their need for time and space, and be attuned to their cues on how they wish to be supported.

Ultimately, the goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where the bereaved feel understood and cared for. By being present, listening without judgment, and offering practical help, you can provide meaningful support to those navigating the challenging terrain of grief. This compassionate approach not only honors their unique experience but also fosters a sense of connection and solace during an incredibly sensitive time.

Challenges and Limitations of Psychological First Aid

Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a pivotal intervention in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events. However, its application is not without challenges and limitations. One significant issue is the cultural differences that can impact the effectiveness of PFA. Cultural variations in terms of communication styles, expressions of distress, and coping mechanisms necessitate a tailored approach. Responder sensitivity to these differences is crucial in providing appropriate and effective support.

Another challenge lies in the emotional resilience of the responders themselves. The nature of PFA often places them in direct contact with individuals experiencing extreme distress, which can be emotionally taxing. This exposure can lead to emotional exhaustion, commonly referred to as compassion fatigue. Responder well-being is paramount, and strategies to mitigate emotional burnout are essential.

Moreover, there is a risk of secondary trauma or vicarious traumatization for those providing PFA. Secondary trauma occurs when responders absorb the traumatic experiences of those they are helping, potentially leading to symptoms similar to those experienced by the primary victims. Consequently, it is imperative for PFA providers to receive adequate support and supervision to navigate these emotional challenges effectively.

Self-care is a critical aspect for those offering PFA. Implementing regular self-care practices can help maintain emotional and psychological well-being, enabling responders to continue their vital work without compromising their health. Institutions and organizations must prioritize the mental health of their responders by promoting self-care routines and providing access to psychological support services.

Ongoing training and support for PFA responders are also essential. Continuous education ensures that responders are equipped with the latest knowledge and techniques, enhancing their ability to offer effective assistance. Additionally, structured support systems, including peer support groups and professional counseling, can provide a safety net, ensuring that responders are not isolated in their experiences.

Conclusion and Additional Resources

Psychological First Aid (PFA) plays a crucial role in supporting individuals during times of crisis. By understanding and applying the key principles of PFA—providing safety, calm, connectedness, self-efficacy, and hope—responders can significantly mitigate the immediate psychological impact of distressing events. This blog post has outlined the fundamental concepts and practical guidance necessary for effectively delivering psychological first aid. Recognizing the importance of PFA not only helps in the immediate aftermath of a crisis but also contributes to the long-term mental well-being of affected individuals.

For those interested in expanding their knowledge and skills in PFA, further training is highly recommended. Various resources are available to deepen your understanding and enhance your practical abilities. Books such as “Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide” and “The Johns Hopkins Guide to Psychological First Aid” provide comprehensive insights into the subject. Online courses offered by organizations like the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) offer structured learning opportunities and certification programs.

Beyond individual learning, actively participating in your community’s mental health and crisis response initiatives can make a significant difference. Volunteering with local mental health organizations, participating in community emergency response teams (CERT), and engaging in mental health advocacy groups are excellent ways to contribute. These activities not only bolster community resilience but also provide valuable practical experience in delivering psychological first aid.

In conclusion, the effective application of psychological first aid requires continuous learning and community involvement. By leveraging the available resources and engaging in ongoing training, individuals can be better prepared to support those in need during critical times. The commitment to understanding and practicing PFA underscores its importance in fostering mental health and resilience within our communities.