What is DBT?

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy designed to help individuals struggling with emotional dysregulation, self-harm, borderline personality disorder, and other intense emotional experiences. It combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness practices.

Core Principles of DBT

• Dialectics: Balancing acceptance and change.
• Validation: Understanding and acknowledging emotions.
• Mindfulness: Being present and aware.
• Behavioral change: Learning new skills to replace unhealthy behaviors.

DBT Skills Modules

1. Mindfulness

• Observing internal and external experiences
• Describing thoughts and emotions
• Participating fully in the moment

2. Distress Tolerance

• STOP skill
• Self-soothing
• Radical acceptance
• Distraction techniques

3. Emotion Regulation

• Understanding emotions
• Reducing vulnerability (PLEASE skill)
• Building positive experiences

4. Interpersonal Effectiveness

• DEAR MAN (assertive communication)
• GIVE (relationship skills)
• FAST (self-respect skills)

DBT Structure

• Weekly individual therapy
• Weekly skills group
• Phone coaching during crises
• Therapist consultation team

Techniques Used in DBT

• Chain analysis
• Behavioral problem-solving
• Mindfulness exercises
• Emotion exposure
• Coping skills training
• Reinforcement strategies

Case History (Example)

Client Background

Riya, a 24-year-old woman, experienced chronic emotional instability, frequent interpersonal conflicts, and episodes of self-harm. She often felt overwhelmed and reacted impulsively during emotional distress.

DBT Intervention

• Individual therapy to understand triggers
• Mindfulness training to help her stay grounded
• DEAR MAN to manage conflicts with family members
• Distress tolerance skills to prevent self-harm urges
• Emotion regulation techniques to manage anger and sadness

Outcome

After several months, Riya reported fewer emotional outbursts, improved relationships, and increased confidence in handling stressful situations without harming herself.

Conclusion

DBT is a powerful therapeutic approach that equips individuals with lifelong skills for emotional control, healthy communication, and crisis management. It is especially effective for those who feel overwhelmed by intense emotions.