What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by excessive, persistent, and uncontrollable worry about various aspects of daily life. People with GAD often anticipate disaster and may struggle to control their anxiety even when there is no real threat.

Common Symptoms

• Excessive and persistent worry
• Restlessness or feeling “on edge”
• Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
• Irritability
• Muscle tension
• Sleep problems (difficulty falling or staying asleep)
• Fatigue

Causes and Risk Factors

GAD may be caused by a combination of factors, including:

• Genetics and family history
• Brain chemistry and neurotransmitter imbalance
• Personality traits such as perfectionism or high sensitivity
• Chronic stress or traumatic experiences
• Other mental health conditions

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made by a mental health professional through clinical interviews, psychological assessments, and by evaluating the duration and impact of symptoms.

According to diagnostic guidelines, symptoms must be present for at least six months and cause significant distress or impairment.

Treatment Options

1. Psychotherapy

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps change negative thinking patterns.
• Mindfulness-Based Therapy: Reduces worry and improves emotional regulation.
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Focuses on psychological flexibility.

2. Medication

• SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
• SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
• Short-term anti-anxiety medications (used carefully)

3. Lifestyle and Self-Help Strategies

• Regular physical exercise
• Healthy sleep routines
• Balanced diet and reduced caffeine intake
• Relaxation practices such as deep breathing and meditation
• Time management and stress reduction techniques

When to Seek Help

Seek professional support if constant worry affects work, relationships, sleep, or daily functioning. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes and improved quality of life.